Skeletal System Functions

Welcome to the great oak science academy of independent learning. This lesson will introduce you to one of the major organ systems of the human body. The skeletal system. My name is Freddie femur. And I'm Patti patella. By the end of this lesson, students will be able to identify the 5 major functions of the skeletal system and describe the structure of a typical long bone. Did you know that the average human adult skeleton contains 206 bones? No, patty. Tell me more. All these bones work together to provide shaping support. Allow movement protect tissues and organs store certain materials and produce blood cells. Now let's explore the 5 functions of the skeletal system in greater detail. Let's start with function number one, providing shape and support. Without your skeleton, you would look like a blob on the floor. You would like shape. Hey patty, take a look at the dolphin. What do you notice? Wow. That's neat. I noticed the shape of the dolphin looks similar to this shape of his skeleton on the left. You're right. You can see the similarities in the shape of the dolphin's head compared to the shape of the skeleton's head. Oh, look. Hey, Friday. Take a look at the skeleton of the horse and compare the shape of the skeleton to the shape of the actual horse. Do you notice a similarities? Yes, it is clear. And I got it straight from the horse's mouth. Your skeleton gives your body its shape. Now let's talk about the second function of the skeletal system. It allows movement. You know, without your skeletal system, movement would be completely impossible. You would not be able to kick a soccer ball or run up and down a field. The third function of the skeletal system is to protect your tissues and organs. Think back to any time you may have fallen off of your bike or tripped on a crack in the pavement. You may have hit the pavement and scraped your knee, but in most cases, you bounce back up with little injuries. Hey guys, notice how your heart and lungs are located inside your rib cage. Your ribs will protect these important organs from strong external trauma. The bones that make up your spinal column will protect your spinal cord, which is made a very delicate nerve tissue. Severe damage to the spinal cord can lead to paralysis because it will not send messages from the brain to control different parts of the body. Be careful and performing extreme activity. Wiggle your nose and tug on the top of your ears. Is it bone? No. Is it muscle? No. It's cartilage. Many bones are formed from a connective tissue called cartilage. Oh, look at the little baby. Did you know that many of the bones in the skeleton of a newborn baby are composed almost entirely of cartilage? And the process of replacing cartilage with bones starts at 7 months before birth and is not complete until a person reaches the age of 25 years. Although most of your body's cartilage will eventually be replaced by bone, there are few areas where the cartilage will remain unchanged, such as in the knee, ankle and elbow. Look at the picture to your right. You are looking at the area where the ankle meets the shin bone. The cartilage at this location prevents the bones from rubbing against each other and wearing away. The fourth function of the skeletal system is distort certain materials, such as calcium, phosphorus, and fat. So don't forget to drink your milk. The 5th and final function of the skeletal system is to produce red and white blood cells. Blood cells are made in the red marrow within the bones. We will discuss this in more detail later. Bone is a toughest material on the body and it's also the lightest. Did you know that your bones make up only 14% of your body's mass? A patty. Do you think bones are alive? Well, I know that when you break a bone it heals. That's right, it does. And that is because bones contain living tissue, such as nerves, bone forming cells, and blood vessels. Bones are lightweight due to the fact that they have hollow spaces that contain soft material known as marrow. There are two types of marrow in the bone, yellow, which contains fat and blood vessels, and red marrow, which is where the red and white blood cells are created. Red marrow is found in the cavities of such places as a skull, ribs, breastbone, and vertebral column. Look at the picture to your right. This shows the red marrow where your blood cells are made. Now sit back and relax with some popcorn and enjoy the short video clip. A tornado Ritz across the Missouri claims. Winds over a 150 mph shred everything the twisters had. When it smashes a treatment, one man is sucked into the heart of the soil. Spun and shaken horrifically, his limp body drops out of the sky. A quarter of a mile away. Under that I wasn't where I was supposed to be. And it took me a minute to realize what was happening. Matt hasn't broken a single ball. How could that be? Scientists estimate that hit the ground traveling at least 30 miles an hour. Yeah, there's bones protected his internal organs from being smashed. Our skeleton is made up of 206 bones. From the largest in our legs and arms to the tiny bones in our toes and fingers. They give us the tough flexible brain that lets us push and pull on our world. Bone is incredibly strong. Pound for pound, bone is stronger than concrete. It has a strength to weight ratio found in no other natural material on earth. The secret to bone strength and lightness lies inside. It is a matrix of hollow cells, its walls are as thin as paper. Bone gets its rigidity from calcium and phosphorus. Materials found in sea shells. But astonishingly, almost half of our bone mass is soft and alive, allowing our bones to bend. Every 7 years, a healthy human body comes completely replaces every single bone cell. This renewal keeps our bones incredibly strong and uniquely adaptable. Beauty of bone is that it can change in terms of its patterns, depending upon the stress that it sees in that particular area. And there are geometric designs in the bone that prevent the bone from breaking with torsion with compression with different types of loads. You are your bones. And they are as unique as your fingerprint. Always, adjusting to suit your needs. A runner grows stronger leg bones than a swimmer. And a tennis player has bigger bones in their ragged arm. Bone is like no other material in the world. Strong enough to be pushed to one believable limits. I did see anything it was so blind. And I thought, oh God, this is it. You know, it was really scary. When I looked at, there was just nothing. No walls, no furniture, no nothing. I just went back to the end of the trailer where he was. It was just all gone. I knew I was gonna be funny. When Matt lands a quarter of a mile away, his bones don't break. Not just because they're strong, but because they're flexible. His rib cage bends as much as an inch. A thigh bone can withstand almost a ton of stress before snapping. One final twist saves match life. Something that allows his bones to use their natural strength to the maximum. As the storm hits, it hurls a lamp across the room. Knocking back out cold. Match body goes completely limp. All his muscles are totally relaxed. This allows his bones to pin the absorb the shock of landing. Make sure that if I was conscious, it would have probably hurt me. More than what it did. I said I was so relaxed. It was fantastic. He had little. Now it's time for fun facts. What is the largest bone in your body? You're right. If you said femur, what is the smallest bone in your body? It's a stirrup.