Skeletal Joints Introduced by Freddy and Patt

Welcome to the great oak science academy of independent learning. This lesson will introduce you to the major joints found in the human body. My name is Freddie femur. And I'm patty patella. By the end of this lesson, students will be able to identify the different types of the skeletal joints. Think back to all the wonderful movements you can make throughout your day. Without skeletal joints, simple movement would be impossible. What is a skeletal joint? Skeletal joint is any place in the body where two bones come together. There are three main types of joints in the body. Movable joints, slightly movable joints, and non mobile joints. The most common type of joint is the movable joint. Wow, that's a long list of joints. Let's take a look at the ball and socket joint. Ball and back at joints provide circular motion of the bone. Notice in the pictures, the ball and socket joints are found in your hip and also in your shoulder. This allows you to throw a ball into run around in circles. In joints allow movement in only one direction. Just like the hinge on a door. Unlike running around in circles, you use your hinge joints to bend your arm at the elbows. And when you wiggle your toes. Pivot joints allow a bone to rotate on a ring shaped bone. The first two vertebra bones in your neck are a great example of a pivot joint. They allow you to turn your head side to side back and forth. And saddle joints, each bone is saddle shaped and fits into the saddle shaped region of the opposite bone. Battle joints allow you to grab things. Your thumb is an example of a saddle joint. This joint in the thumb allows humans to have opposable thumbs for dexterity and easy use of tools. This sets humans apart from other animals in the animal kingdom. Lighting joints are when bones slide past each other, metacarpal bones in your wrist and metatarsal bones in your ankle are examples of gliding joints. Ellipsoidal joints allow bending and extending, rocking from side to side, but rotation is limited. One example of an ellipsoidal joint is the region between the hand and the arm. This joint can also be found at the base of your index finger. Now let's take a look at slightly movable joints. These joints are merely a cushion. They are connected by cartilage. Take a look at the picture on the right. You can see the cartilage that connects your ribs to your sternum. These are the costal sternal joints. The next type of joints we will talk about are the non movable joint. These joints do not move and are held together by a thin layer of connective tissue. These non movable joints are found in the skull. Remember the definition of a joint, any place where two bones meet, well, when you were a baby, the bones in your skull were not together. They grew and then fused into one solid covering. As a baby, that is why there's a soft spot on the top of your head. Ready, you may have been wondering how do your bones stay connected to each other? Well, it's simple. You have ligaments. Ligaments are connective tissues that connect bone to bone. Remarkable. Unfortunately, injuries are possible to your skeletal system. Some injuries that affect the skeletal and muscular systems are sprains, dislocations, and fractures. Have you ever sprained your ankle? Well, if you have, you know how painful it can be. So what is a sprain? A sprain is when the ligaments are tendons, such as those in the ankle, get torn or pulled beyond their normal stretching range. You can still move the ankle because the injured ligaments and tendons are still able to function, but they swell, causing pressure on the nerves that are felt as pain. Another common injury would be a dislocation, a dislocation is an injury in which a bone is forced out of its joint. This location can be serious. But fortunately, they can be corrected easily in most cases. Dislocated bone can be pushed back into position by a doctor. The pitcher on the right shows an x-ray of dislocated shoulder. The joint you are looking at is an example of a ball and socket joint. Now take a moment to sit back and enjoy a short video clip on the different types of joints. The places where one bone is attached to another, are called joints. The bones in your body are linked together at the joints. Bones can not bend. You can bend your body only in a joint. Can you think of some joints in your body and make them move? Your elbows, wrists, knees, and ankles are all joints. Joints have to be strong enough to hold the bones in place, but elastic enough to let them move freely. Bend your elbow. Your wrist. Or your knee, and you will see this happening. Let's look at some of the major joints in your body. There are 5 main types of joints. One. Immovable. Two. Hinge. Three. Ball and socket. Four. Pivot. And 5. Gliding. The immovable joints connect the 8 bones of the cranium surrounding the brain. These are the bones that were separated by tissue when you were a baby, but have fused or grown together now that your brain is full sized. Then there are the hinge joints. They can bend fully, but only in one direction, like the hinges on a door. Can you name two of your body's hinge joints? Your knees and elbows are hinged joints. Move your arms. Swing them in circles, reaching forward and backward. Do your shoulder joints have the same hinges as your elbows. No, these allow more movement. They are called ball and socket joints. These are the most movable of all. The end of one bone rounded like a ball. Fits into the curved hollow of another bone. Can you think of another example of a ball and socket joint? Your hips are another example of a ball and socket joint. You can swing your legs in all directions. Twist your head from side to side. How far can you twist it each way? 180°. The joint that allows you to do this is the pivot joint at the top of your neck. Your head is joined to your backbone by a pivot joint. Your wrists and ankles are hinge joints, and also pivot joints. The simplest of the freely moving joints are the gliding joints. This one is in the wrist. Gliding joints are also found in the spine. Each of the 26 separate bones in the spine can bend and twist only a little through these special joints. Now it's time to review what you have learned. On a separate piece of paper, identify the following joints. You will hear this assignment into your teacher when you return to class. Now on a separate sheet of paper, classify the joints that you identified into two groups. The movable joints versus the non movable joints.