CELL ORGANELLS_ PART 01

Cell organelles. The cytoplasm shows several membrane-bound structures called organelles, which perform different functions and keep the cell in a dynamic state. Endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi, lysosomes, vacuoles, mitochondria, plastids, ribosomes, et cetera are the organelles present in the cytoplasm. The endomembrane system includes endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi complex, lysosomes, and vacuoles. Endoplasmic reticulum, the endoplasmic reticulum was used by K.R Porter for fine thread like structures in the cell. It is network of leap of protein. Microtubules extending from the outer nuclear membrane to the plasma membrane, endoplasmic reticulum divides the intracellular space into two distinct compartments. That is luminal insight endoplasmic reticulum and extra luminal. Cytoplasm compartments. Structurally and functionally, two types of endoplasmic reticulum have been recognized. They are a rough endoplasmic reticulum. This is also called granular endoplasmic reticulum. The surface of the membrane is studied with 80 S ribosomes and has rough texture. B, smooth endoplasmic reticulum. This is also called a granular endoplasmic reticulum. The endoplasmic reticulum membrane do not show ribosomes and appear with smooth surface. Structurally, these are composed of cysteine, the cycle and tubules. One. Cisterna. They are long flattened and usually unbranched in parallel arrays. Two. Vesicle. There are large round or spherical shape. Three. Tubules. They're small, smooth walled, generally with branched structures of various sizes and shapes. Functions of endoplasmic reticulum. One. Endoplasmic reticulum provides mechanical support to cytoplasmic matrix. Two. It acts as circulatory system for intercellular transport of various substances. Three. Rough endoplasmic reticulum provides surface area for the synthesis of proteins. Four. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum is associated with the synthesis of lipids. 5. Endoplasmic reticulum is a seat of origin for gold guy complex. 6. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum is involved in detoxification of toxic substances. 7. Golgi complex takes its origin from rough endoplasmic reticulum. 8. It plays a role in cell plate formation during cell division in association with Golgi complex. Golgi apparatus. The golden apparatus was discovered in 1898. By Camila Golgi, from nerve cells, all eukaryotic cells possess Golgi apparatus, except a BC of mammal. It consists of one to 50 units. Each unit is called victus. Each dictator consists of various types of morphological components. One cistern, which are flat, this shaped sacs of .5 micrometers still. 1.0 micrometers in diameter. They are stacked parallel to each other. There are three to 7 sustaining in the diction. The goal is Estonia a concentrically arranged near the nucleus with distinct convex or the forming phase and concave or the maturing phase. Each Estonia is surrounded by single lipoprotein membrane. Two. Tubules and recycles. Which are present at the periphery. The vacuoles are associated with a considered as condensing vacuoles or pre secretary granules. They are rich in acid, phosphatase, functions of Golgi complex one. Golgi complex involves in the synthesis of cell wall materials like Hemi cellulose, cellulose, et cetera. Two. It helps in secretion of lipids, hormones, and enzymes. Primary lysosomes originate from Golgi complex four. It plays an important role in cell plate formation during cell divisions. 5. Glycoproteins, glycolipids, new silage, gums, are synthesized in Golgi complexes.