3rd 9 Weeks Review - Moon Phases, Tides, &amp

Okay, so today we are covering the third 9 weeks review, moon phases and tides, and we're also going to review the solar system, which was 6th grade. So to begin with in the review, I'm going to show you a video of a brain pop video. Laugh it up, smart guy. This one is yours. To Tim and Moby, I've heard the moon waxes and lanes. What does that mean? From Devon. Hey, Devin. You're on earth. The moon doesn't always look like a perfect circle in the sky. Its appearance changes over time. It waxes or grows, and wanes or shrinks. The moon goes through a cycle of different shapes or phases over the course of about one month. In fact, the whole concept of months is based on this cycle. Beep. Believe it or not, shadows have nothing to do with the moon's phases. You might be picturing the earth moon sun system like this. But if everything we're all flat like this, you get a solar eclipse every time the moon was here, and a lunar eclipse every time it was here. In reality, it closes are pretty rare. Okay, let's see how it really looks. The moon's orbit around the earth is tilted about 5° from our orbit around the sun. So in most cases, any shadows cast by the earth and when completely miss each other, now that we've cleared that up, let's see the phases in action. Light the earth, half the moon's surface is always lit by the sun and half is in the dark. But the amount of that bright side that we can see changes as the moon moves through its orbit. When the moon is directly between the earth and sun, forming a straight line, the entire bright side is facing away from us, so we see nothing at all or at best a dark disk. This phase is called the new moon. Right, as you move along in your orbit, more and more of your bright side becomes visible to me. In other words, the moon is waxing. Phases where you can see less than half of the bright side, but are called Crescent moons. When the moon is completed one quarter of its orbit around earth, we can see half of its illuminated side. Astronomers call this the first quarter moon, but it's more commonly known as a half moon. Once you can see more than half, it's called a gibbous moon. When the moon and the sun are on opposite sides of the earth, the entire bright side of the moon is facing toward us. So we see a shiny, full moon. Beautiful isn't it? Beep. Now, as the moon continues its orbit, we see less and less of its lit side. It passes through the waning give a spaces. And when it completes three quarters of its orbit, the other half of the bright side becomes visible as the third quarter moon. Next, it passes through the waning Crescent phases and finally the moon comes back around to where it started and we're back to a new moon. Beep. The amount of time between one new moon and the next is called a lunar month, and it's about 29.5 days. But the time it takes for the moon to make one complete orbit around earth is actually a bit less, about 27.3 days. Well, remember, while the moon travels around the earth, the earth is moving around the sun. So when the moon finishes one complete circuit, the earth is moved quite a bit, the three bodies now form an angle instead of a straight line. So we can still see a Crescent moon. It takes the moon about two days to catch up and get into new moon position again. Okay, now we can finally put these costumes away. Oh, no. That's no moon. Okay, so let's answer some questions. One 53. How does the moon move around the earth? Well, the moon orbits or revolves around the earth in a counterclockwise direction. Remember in class, we said, to the left to the left, everything in space it moves to the left. And in this picture here, you can see that the moon is rotating to the left. It's also revolving around the earth to the left. You can see that the earth is moving to the left, as it revolves around the sun to the left, and you can see that the sun rotates to the left. So everything moves to the left. Or counterclockwise. One 54, how long does it take the moon to move around the earth? Takes the moon 27 and one third days to move around the earth. But how long is the lunar cycle? Well, it's 29 days. Our 29.5 days. So it takes 29.5 days to go through all the phases, but only 27 and a third days to actually make its revolution around the earth. So why do we see the phases of the moon? Well, this is because the sun illuminates the moon's surface as the moon rotates around the earth. This changed in the illuminated surface of the moon is called the lunar cycle. So like in this picture, here's the sunlight. And if you were a spaceship out in space, looking at the centers and moon, you would see that part of the moon is lit up side facing the sun and the side facing the earth is not. So regardless of where the moon was and its revolution around the earth, half of it would be lit up at half of it. If you were looking on. Same thing with the earth. And you can see the same thing in this picture. So if you're looking at it from space, you would see half the moon lit up. However, if you're standing on earth and looking at the moon, you can see what the phase looks and the location. So if you were standing right here on earth and looking at the moon when it was right here between the sun and the earth, you would see just dark. If you were looking at the earth at the moon when it was here, this is what you would see. If you were on earth looking at the moon here, this is what you would see. So these pictures show you what you would see from earth, whereas these pictures are what you would see if you were looking at the whole thing from space. One 57, what are the phases of the moon? Well, phases are the different shapes of the moon seems to have as seen from earth caused by the moon's orbit around the earth. So one of the things to remember is DOC. Remember, DOC is the beginning is D and the end is C you can also see it like this. So if you look at the shape that the moon makes, it will help you remember the order of the phases. The D shape is waxing. O in the middle is the full moon and C's on the waning side. It's the waning Crescent. So it's just a way to help you. And if you remember to the left, it will help you remember what the order of the moon phases are. So by name, what is the sequence in the main phase as well? You start with the new moon. Then you have your waxing Crescent. You see the Crescent shape. It's getting brighter on the right hand side, so it's waxing means getting brighter. This is what looks like the D, then you have your first quarter, your waxing gibbous shape, your full moon, that's your O, the whole thing is lit up. Then you go with your waning gibbous as it's starting to get lighter, 'cause remember waning Wayne off, it wax on, where it's getting brighter and Wayne off, so you're starting to turn off the lights. You're seeing less of the moon. So it's getting less and less and there's your seat, you're waning Crescent, and then you have your new moon back to your new moon again. So, we are gonna take another pause for a second. I'll be. Beep. Dear Tim and Moby. I heard that the moon controls the tides. Is that true? From Jackie. The steady rise and fall of the ocean water levels is called the tide. Tides are caused by the pull of gravity between the earth, moon and sun. As you know, gravity is the force that pulls everything in the universe towards everything else. Even though the moon is much smaller than the sun, the moon's pull has a more pronounced effect on the earth's oceans because it's closer than the sun. On the side of the earth that's facing the moon, the pull of gravity causes oceans to bulge outward. On the other side of the earth, the moon's pull on solid ground causes the oceans to bulge there too. The earth rotates on its axis, and so this ball just constantly changing location. Where the bulge is bigger, its high tide. Where the water doesn't bulge, it's low tide. The moon's orbit around the earth also causes tidal changes. Most places get too high tides and two low tides each day. Thank you tides are important, Moby. The energy of rising and falling tides can be used to power machinery and make electricity. Well, the ocean is strong and unpredictable, so tidal power isn't easy to harness. But it is a clean energy source. It doesn't produce much pollution. Okay, it looks like a tide's coming in. It's late. I think we should go. The moon is not laughing at you. Oh, we stop threatening the moon. So one 59, how does the position of the moon in the sun affect the tides? Well, while the earth orbits the sun, the moon orbits the earth. And both of these celestial bodies, the sun and the moon, exert a gravitational pull on the earth. Their gravitational pull on the earth's surface water as it rotates on its axis. I'm sorry, their gravity's pull on it. The gravitational pull of both the moon and the sun and the earth's water causes the water to rise and fall, and this is known as tides. So we have the moon, and it's moon's gravity is pulling all the water from the earth, just like it showed in the video. And it's also pulling the earth, so we have these two bulges. So the high tides are always on opposite sides of the earth from each other. Where we don't have high tides, perpendicular to that, we have our low tides. Now, when the sun and the moon line up in a straight line, whether it be sun, moon, earth, or sun earth moon, either way, when there are straight line, it gets what's called spring tides. These bulges are bigger than normal, and the low tides are actually shallower or lower than normal. And then over here, when the sun MinuteEarth are perpendicular, so when the moon is either here or down here, like in the first or last quarter moon, the moon is pulling on the earth, but the sun is pulling on the moon's pulling on the tides, but the sun is pulling on the tides as well, but in an opposite direction. So it kind of balances out the earth's water all around. So the high tides, which is normally a big bulge, are lower and these low tides, which are normally low, are actually higher. So the tile range is much smaller. And we'll talk more about that in some other pictures. So one 60, what determines high and low tides? Well, it's the gravitational pull of the moon's gravity. One 61. What are spring and neap tides? And when do they occur? Well, a spring tide, as I was talking about before, is when the tides with the largest data range that occur when the sun earth and moon line up with each other, which is like the fallen noon moon. So like here, full moon, I'm sorry, new moon, and full moon. And a neat tide is with the smallest daily title range, and it occurs when the sun earth and moon form a 90° angle, the first and last quarter. So first quarter and third quarter or low court last quarter. One 62. So we're moving it finished with tides and let's move into a review of our solar system. What stars the center of our solar system? Well, instead of our solar system is the sun. The sun is a middle aged yellow star. And here are some pictures of the sun. You can see a picture of a sunset. Here's a picture of the sun. It's not actually your typical star, like you would draw on a piece of paper. Stars round. You start also has layers. It has a photosphere or chromosphere, a Corona, it has a core, there's a lot to the sun. And there's a lot to all stars. One 63, what are the planets in order from the sun? Well, we have mercury Venus, earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune. A way to remember it is my very educated mother just sent us some Nikes. She just sent us Nikes. What a great mom. And here's a picture you can see. Now Pluto used to be a planet, but they found some other planets or other objects in space that are actually bigger than Pluto, and if they were going to call Pluto a plant, they would have to add them as planets too. So instead, since Pluto is so small, they decided to categorize it as something else. So they've also found Ceres, and hamaya, Mac and make an heiress, and they're named those dwarf planets. One 64, what force governs the motion of the planets around the sun? So what keeps those plants going around the sun? Well, it's gravity from the sun. And just like earth, we talked about this, the earth is rotating, and current in its first law, an object in motion wants to stay in motion. And it's going to be the same speed in the same direction. So this earth wants to keep going in the same speed of same direction. It would keep going straight. However, the earth's gravity is constantly pulling at it. So as it tries to move the gravity is gravitational pull of the sun is pulling the earth towards it or whatever planet, which causes it to move in a circular direction. And so it actually has an orbit because of the force of gravity. And the same thing applies for the other planets to go around the sun and how the moon goes around the earth. 165, what are Galilean moons? Galilean moons are the four largest and brightest moons of Jupiter.